Research behind Oral Placement Therapy
This page collects the peer-reviewed journals, published articles, conference presentations, blogs, and podcasts behind TalkTools' Oral Placement Therapy approach.
Browse the researchPeer-Reviewed Articles, Studies & Research Papers
Peer-reviewed journals and research studies grounding Oral Placement Therapy in the evidence.
69 entriesPublished Articles
Clinical articles and features written for practitioners, parents, and the press.
23 entriesPresentations & Posters
Convention presentations and poster sessions from ASHA, IAOM, and beyond.
13 entriesBlogs, Podcasts, & Other Media
Blog posts, podcasts, and other media exploring OPT in practice.
14 entriesPeer-Reviewed Articles, Studies & Research Papers
69 entries · newest first-
2024Beyond surgery: Pre- and post-operative care in children with ankyloglossia
Smart S, Grant H, Tseng RJ. (2024). Int J Paediatr Dent. 00: 1-21. doi: 10.1111/ipd.13235
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2024Chewing Efficiency and Oral Developmental Functions in Children with Oral and Speech Motor Disorders Compared to Peers
Bjorelius, Helena, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Sciences, et.al. (2024). 13th International Seminar on Speech Production, May 13-14, 2024.
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2024Clinical Perspectives on Post-Operative Care for Tethered Oral Tissues (TOTs)
Merkel-Walsh, R. A., & Overland, L. L. (2024). International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 50(2), 1-13.
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2024The Feel of Speech: Multisystem and Polymodal Somatosensation in Speech Production
Kent R. D. (2024). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 67(5), 1424-1460. doi: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00575
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2023Shared and Separate Neuromuscular Underpinnings of Swallowing and Motor Speech Development in the School-Age Years
Arkenberg, et al. (2023). JSHR, 66(9), 3260-3275. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00059
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2023The buccal frenum: Trends in diagnosis and indications for treatment of buccal-ties among 466 healthcare professionals
Baxter, R., Merkel-Walsh, R., Lahey, L., Knutsen, C., & Zaghi, S. (2023). Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. doi: 10.1111/joor.13609
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2023Tongue Shape Complexity in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders
Dokovova, M., Sugden, E., Cartney G., Schaeffler, S. & Cleland, J. (2023). JSHR, 66(7). doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00472
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2023Total Speech: Blending Techniques in Speech and Language Therapy
(1st ed.). Routledge. Massey, K., & Lester, G. (2023).
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2022A Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Dysarthria in Children: A Tutorial
Luzzini-Seigel, J., Allison, K., Stoeckel, R. (2022).
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2022An Investigation of Developmental Coordination Disorder Characteristics in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Luzzini-Seigel, J., Morrer, L., Tamplain, P. (2022).
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2022Children and adolescents with speech sound disorders are more likely to have orofacial dysfunction and malocclusion
. Mogren Å, Sand A, Havner C, Sjögreen L, Westerlund A, Agholme MB, Mcallister A. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Oct;8(5):1130-1141. doi: 10.1002/cre2.602. Epub 2022 Jun 20. PMID: 35723352; PMCID: PMC9562821.
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2022Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech Among Children with Autism: Narrative Review and Clinical Recommendations
Beiting, M. (2022).
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2022Effect of Oral Placement and Expressive Therapies on Speech Intelligibility of Adolescents with Articulation Disorders
Journal of Intellectual Disability Diagnosis and Treatment, Vol 10, No. 3 (2022)
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2022Effectiveness of Myofunctional Therapy in Ankyloglossia: A Systematic Review
Garrido, María & Garcia-Munoz, Cristina & Rodríguez-Huguet, Manuel & Martín-Vega, Francisco & Gonzalez-Medina, Gloria & Viñolo-Gil, Mj. (2022). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19. 12347. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912347
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2022Effects of Oral Placement and Expressive Therapies on Speech Intelligibility of Adolescents with Articulation Disorder
Osisanya, Ayo, University of Ibadan; Dada, Oluseyi, University of Calabar; Petters, Janet Sunday, University of Calabar; Uzor, Margaret Okwuono, Federal College of Education Obudu (2022). Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment.
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2022Prologue to the Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Luzzini-Seigel, J. (2022). 53(4), 921-925. doi: 10.1044/2022_lshss-22-00119
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2022Pterygoid muscle activity in speech: A preliminary investigation
Murray, G. M., Carignan, C., Whittle, T., Gal, J. A., & Best, C. (2022). Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. doi: 10.1111/joor.13377
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2021Range of motion (ROM) in the lips and jaw during vowels assessed with 3D motion analysis in Swedish children with typical speech development and children with speech sound disorders
Mogren, A., McAllister, A. & Sjögreen, L. (2021). Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology. doi: 10.1080/14015439.2021.1890207
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2021The Electrical Activity of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in Children with Down Syndrome-A Preliminary Study
Szyszka-Sommerfeld, L.; Sycińska-Dziarnowska, M.; Woźniak, K.; Machoy, M.; Wilczyński, S.; Turkina, A.; Spagnuolo, G. (2021). J. Clin. Med. 10, 5611. doi: 10.3390/jcm10235611
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2020Characteristics and considerations for children with ankyloglossia undergoing frenulectomy for dysphagia and aspiration
Buck, L. S., Frey, H., Davis, M., Robbins, M., Spankovich, C., Narisetty, V., & Carron, J. D. (2020). American Journal of Otolaryngology, 102393. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102393
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2020Clinical Consensus Statement: Ankyloglossia in Children
Messner AH, Walsh J, Rosenfeld RM, et al. (2020). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 162(5):597-611. doi: 10.1177/0194599820915457
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2020Development of a tongue-tie case definition in newborns using a Delphi survey: The NYU-Tongue-Tie Case Definition
30017-3/fulltext?mobileUi=0) Katz, R. V., Dearing, B. A., Ryan, J. M., Ryan, L. K., Zubi, M. K., & Sokhal, G. K. (2020). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 129(1), 21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.012
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2020Effect of Frenotomy on Breastfeeding and Reflux: Results From the BRIEF Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
Slagter, Kirsten & Raghoebar, Gerry & Hamming, Inge & Meijer, Jiska & Vissink, Arjan. (2020). Clinical Oral Investigations. 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03665-y
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2020Frenulectomy with Diode Laser Technology in Pediatric Patients: Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations. Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Sfasciotti, G. L., Zara, F., Fioravanti, M., Guaragna, M., Palaia, G., & Polimeni, A. (2020). Applied Sciences, 10(12), 4114. doi: 10.3390/app10124114
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2020Functional Improvements of Speech, Feeding, and Sleep After Lingual Frenectomy Tongue-Tie Release: A Prospective Cohort Study
Baxter, R., Merkel-Walsh, R., Baxter, B. S., Lashley, A., & Rendell, N. R. (2020). Clinical Pediatrics. doi: 10.1177/0009922820928055
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2020Imaging the Breastfeeding Swallow: Pilot Study Utilizing Real-Time MRI
Mills, N., Lydon, A., Davies-Payne, D., Keesing, M., Geddes, D., & Mirjalili, S. (2020). Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 5, 572-579.
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2020Is the Occurrence of Ankyloglossia in Newborns Associated with Breastfeeding Difficulties?
Mariana Do Rêgo Barros De Andrade Fraga, Barreto, K. A., Lira, T. C. B., & Menezes, V. A. D. (2020). Breastfeeding Medicine. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0199
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2020Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy and Myofunctional Devices Used in Speech Pathology Treatment: A Systematic Quantitative Review of the Literature
Shortland, H.L., Hewat, S., Vetigan, A. & Webb, G. (2020). AJSP. doi: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00245
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2020Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy with Children Ages 0-4 and Individuals with Special Needs
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2020). International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 46(1), 22-36.
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2020Profile of Scientific Production on Ankyloglossia
Martinelli, Roberta & Gusmão, Reinaldo & Moya Daza, María & Marchesan, Irene & Berretin-Felix, Giédre. (2020). International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences. 1-13. doi: 10.32457/ijmss.v8i1.592
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2020Short lingual frenum in infants, children and adolescents. Part 1: Breastfeeding and gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement after tethered oral tissues release
Hand P, Olivi G, Lajolo C, Gioco G, Marigo L, Castagnola R, Cordaro M. (2020). Eur J Paediatr Dent. 21(4):309-317. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.04.10
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2020Speech production in young children with tongue-tie
Salt, Holly, et al. (2020). International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 134, 110035. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110035
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2020The Orofacial Somatosensory System Is Modulated During Speech Planning and Production
Mcguffin, B. J., Liss, J. M., & Daliri, A. (2020). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(8), 2637-2648. doi: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00318
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2020Tongue position for lingual frenulum assessment
Martinelli, Roberta & Marchesan, Irene & Berretin-Felix, Giédre. (2020). Revista CEFAC. 22. doi: 10.1590/1982-0216/20202210120
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2019Compensatory strategies for the alveolar flap [ɾ] production in the presence of ankyloglossia
De Castro Martinelli, R.L., Marchesan, I.Q., Berretin-Felix, G. (2019). Rev. CEFAC 21(3).
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2019Association of Feeding Evaluation With Frenotomy Rates in Infants With Breastfeeding Difficulties
Caloway C, Hersh CJ, Baars R, Sally S, Diercks G, Hartnick CJ. (2019). JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 145(9):817-822. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1696
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2019Oral Dysfunction as a cause of malocclusion
D'Onofrio, L. (2019). Orthod Craniofac Res. Suppl 1:43-48. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12277
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2019Oral Motor Treatment: Effects of Therapeutic Feeding on Articulatory Skills
Kollia B, Tsiamtsiouris J, Korik P. (2019). J Prev Interv Community. 47(1):14-24. doi: 10.1080/10852352.2018.1547305
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2019
Policy on Management of the Frenulum in Pediatric Dental Patients. (2019). The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2019-20/P. 66-70
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2019
Posterior Tongue Tie, Base of Tongue Movement, and Pharyngeal Dysphagia: What is the Connection? Brooks, L., Landry, A., Deshpande, A., Marchica, C., Cooley, A., & Raol, N. (2019). Dysphagia. doi: 10.1007/s00455-019-10040-x
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2019Relationship between mouth breathing etiology and maximum tongue pressure
Pereira, Tiago Costa, Furlan, Renata Maria Moreira Moraes, & Motta, Andréa Rodrigues. (2019). CoDAS, 31(2), e20180099. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20182018099
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2019Speech and Language Outcomes in Patients with Ankyloglossia Undergoing Frenulectomy: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Daggumati, Srihari, et al. (2019). OTO Open, 3(1). doi: 10.1177/2473974x19826943
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2019Tongue-pressure resistance training improves tongue and suprahyoid muscle functions simultaneously
Namiki, C., Hara, K., Tohara, H., Kobayashi, K., Chantaramanee, A., Nakagawa, K., et al. (2019). Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 601-608. doi: 10.2147/cia.s194808
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2018Speech and Feeding Improvements in Children After Posterior Tongue-Tie Release: A Case Series
Baxter, Richard; Hughes, Lauren. (2018). International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics.
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2018Tongue Strength in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders
Potter, N., Nievergelt, Y., & VanDam, M. (2018, December 28).
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2017Effects of lingual strength training on lingual strength and articulator function in stroke patients with dysarthria
Moon, J. H., Hong, D. G., Kim, K. H., Park, Y. A., Hahm, S.-C., Kim, S.-J., et al. (2017). Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(7), 1201-1204. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1201
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2017Prior History of Feeding-Swallowing Difficulties in Children With Language Impairment
Malas, K; Trudeau, N; Giroux, M.-C.; Gauthier, L; Poulin, S; and McFarland, D. H. (2017). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 26, 138-145. doi: 10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0171
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2016Breastfeeding Improvement Following Tongue-Tie and Lip-Tie Release: A Prospective Cohort Study
Ghaheri, Bobak A., MD; Cole, Melissa, IBCLC; Fausel, Sarah C., Chuop, Maria, BS; Mace, Jess C., MPH, CCRP. (2016). The Laryngoscope. American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society.
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2016Effect of orofacial myofunctional exercise on the improvement of dysphagia patients' orofacial muscle strength and diadochokinetic rate
Byeon, Haewon. (2016). Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28(9): 2611-2614.
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2016Nonspeech Oral Movements and Oral Motor Disorders: A Narrative Review
Kent, R. (2016). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 24, pp 763-789.
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2016The Effect of Jaw Position on Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Speech
Solomon, N. P., Makashay, M. J., & Munson, B. (2016, November).
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2016Upper-Lip Frenum as a Predictive Marker for Unexpected and Unexplained Asphyxia in Infants
Haller, Leslie & Brown, Theodore. (2016). Journal of Rare Disorders.
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2015Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A Systematic Review
Ali, Babar, Al-Wabel, Naser Ali, Shams, Saiba, Ahamad, Aftab, Khan, Shah Alam, Anwar, Firoz. (2015). Volume 5, Issue 8, Pages 601-611, ISSN 2221-1691.
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2015Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy
Bruderer AG, et al. (2015). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112(44):13531-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508631112
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2014An Optimal Set of Flesh Points on Tongue and Lips for Speech-Movement Classification
Green, J., Rong, P., Samal, A., Wang, J. (2014). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 59, pp 15-26.
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2014Lingual Frenulum: Classification and Speech Interference
Marchesan, Irene Queiroz. (2014). International Journal of Orofacial Myology, Nov.
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2013Oral Motor Deficits in Speech-Impaired Children with Autism
Belmonte, M., Cherian, R., George, L., Karnath, P., Muneer, R., Saxena-Chandhok, T. (2013).
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2013Speech Sound Disorders in Children: An Articulatory Phonology Perspective
Bernthal, J. E., Bankson, N. W., & Flipsen, P. (2013). Articulation and phonological disorders: speech sound disorders in children. Boston, MA: Pearson.
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2012Horns, Whistles, Bite Blocks, & Straws
Marshalla, P. (2012). Oral Motor Institute. April. Volume 4. Monograph Number 2.
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2012Utilizing Nature's Bio-Adaptability of Soft and Hard Tissues
Benkert, K. (2012). Journal of the American Orthodontic Society, May/June. pp 28-40.
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2011A Sensory-Motor Approach to Feeding
Overland, L. (2011). ASHA Perspective: Swallowing (Dysphagia). October. Volume 20. pp 60-64.
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2011The effects of oral-motor treatment in remediating speech sound disorders for children who exhibit a lack of sufficient oral-motor control
Sargenti, T. (2011).
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2010The Effect of Lip Strengthening Exercises in Children and Adolescents With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Kiliaridis, S., Lohmander, A., Sjogreen, L., Tulinius, M. (2010). Volume 74, Issue 10, pp 1126-1134.
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2010Treatment of Children With Speech Oral Placement Disorders (OPDs): A Paradigm Emerges
Bahr, D., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2010). Communication Disorders Quarterly.
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2005Early Oral-Motor Interventions for Pediatric Feeding Problems: What, When and How
Eicher, P., Fox, C., Kerwin, M., Manno, C. (2005).
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2005Effect of Tactile Stimulation on Lingual Motor Function in Pediatric Lingual Dysphagia
Cargan, A., De Felice, A., Lamm, N., (2005). Volume 20, Issue 4, pp 311-324.
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2005Lingual frenulum: quantitative evaluation proposal
Marchesan IQ. (2005). Int J Orofacial Myology. 31:39-48. PMID: 16739711.
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1998Functional Outcomes of Strength Training in Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Abel, M., Damiano, D. (1998).
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1983The Development and Treatment of Oral-Motor Dysfunction: A Review of Clinical Research
Ottenbacher, K., Bundy, A. & Short, M. A. (1983). Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 3:2, 1-13. doi: 10.1080/J006v03n02_01
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Published Articles
23 entries · newest first-
2024Pediatric Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy: The Four Myo Domains
Merkel-Walsh R. (2024).
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2022A Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Dysarthria in Children: A Tutorial
Luzzini-Seigel, J., Allison, K., Stoeckel, R. (2022).
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2021The impact of childhood obstructive sleep apnea on speech and oral language development: a systematic review
Mohammed D, Park V, Bogaardt H, Docking K. (2021). Sleep Med. 81:144-153. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.015
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2019Oral motor treatment: Effects of therapeutic feeding on articulatory skills
Kollia B, Tsiamtsiouris J, Korik P. (2019).
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2018Social Media: It's Different for Professionals
Merkel-Walsh, R., Moore, J.D. (2018). The ASHA Leader, July. Vol. 23, 30-33.
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2018Tongue-Tie: What Everyone Needs to Know
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2018). BC Health, Beauty & Fitness.
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2017Waiting-Room Woes
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2017). The ASHA Leader, November, Vol. 22, 38-39.
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2016Self-Limited Diets in Children with a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Merkel-Walsh, R. & Overland, L. (2016).
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2013Three Part Approach - Treating Apraxia of Speech with Oral Placement, Feeding and Speech Tasks
Del Pino, E. (2013).
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2012ABA Verbal
Solomon, R. (2012). S & L World. November.
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2012The Problem With Pacifiers
Ray, C. (2012, January 9). The New York Times.
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2009Autism Spectrum Disorders: Clinical Parameters of Oral Placement Therapy (OPT)
Merkel-Walsh, R., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2009). November. Volume 19. pp 18.
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2009Red Flags of Children with Sensory-Motor Feeding / Speech Deficits
Del Pino, E. (2009). (en Espanol version also available)
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2008The Role of the Jaw for Feeding and Speech
Gray, J., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2008).
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2004Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy: What's the Connection? Oral-Motor, Sensory, and Feeding Skills
Merkel-Piccini, R., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2004). S.I. Focus. Spring.
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2003Connections Between Tongue Placement and Dental Alignment
Merkel-Walsh, R., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2003).
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2002The Beloved Sippy Cup Comes Under Attack
Eig, J. (2002, February 13). The Wall Street Journal.
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2001Food for Thought
Overland, L. (2001).
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1999Horns As Therapy Tools
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (1999).
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1999Oral-Motor Issues: Letter to the Editor
Merkel-Walsh, R. (1999).
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1999Straws As Therapy Tools
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (1999).
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1997The Oral-Motor Myths of Down Syndrome
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (1997).
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n.d.Mother Knows Best (Risk of Using Sippy Cups)
Associated Press.
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Presentations & Posters
13 entries · newest first-
2019Combining Muscle and Motor Based Approaches to Facilitate Speech In Individuals with Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders
Merkel-Walsh, R., Roy-Hill, R. Presentation (2019, September). Annual IAOM Convention. New Orleans, LA.
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2019SCOPE - It's Not Just a Mouthwash
Merkel-Walsh, R. Presentation (2019, September). Annual IAOM Convention. New Orleans, LA.
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2019The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Tethered Oral Tissue (TOTs)
Merkel-Walsh, R., Overland, L. Presentation (2019, November). Annual ASHA Convention. Orlando, FL.
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2017Functional Assessment of Feeding Challenges in Children with Ankyloglossia
Merkel-Walsh, R., Overland, L. Presentation (2017, November). Annual ASHA Convention. Los Angeles, CA.
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2016A Modern Look at Van Riper's Phonetic Placement Approach
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2016, July). Poster session. ASHA Connect Convention. Minneapolis, MN.
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2016Diet-Shaping for Self-Limited Diets in Children with a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Merkel-Walsh, R., Overland, L. Presentation (2016, November). Annual ASHA Convention. Philadelphia, PA.
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2016Preventing Vocal Burnout in Future Teachers: An Education & Prevention Program
Hume, S. & Wegman, A. (2016, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Philadelphia, PA.
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2016Tongue Ties and Speech Sound Disorders: What Are We Overlooking?
Meaux, A., Savage, M., & Gonsoulin, C. (2016, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Philadelphia, PA.
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2015Oral Placement Therapy (OPT) vs. Non-Speech Oral Motor Exercises (NSOME): Understanding the Debate
Merkel-Walsh, R., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2015, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Denver, CO.
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2014Using Tactile Techniques to Improve Speech Clarity in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Hill, R., & Merkel-Walsh, R. (2014, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Orlando, FL.
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2014Using Tactile Techniques to Improve Speech Clarity in the Adult Rehabilitative Setting
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2014, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Orlando, FL.
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2012Variability of Tongue-Tip Placement: Acoustically Standard Production of /s/ Cross-Culturally
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. (2012, November). Poster session. Annual ASHA Convention. Atlanta, GA.
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2007Efficacy of Using an Oral-Motor Approach to Remediate Distorted /r/
Lohman-Hawk, P. (2007) ASHA Presentation.
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Blogs, Podcasts, & Other Media
14 entries · newest first-
2017A Further Dialogue on Oral Placement Therapy
Stepen, J. (2017). Podcast.
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2017Deciphering Dysphagia
Ellis, C. (2017). TalkTools Blog.
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2015A Case for Oral Placement Therapy
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2015). Podcast.
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2015Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders in Individuals with a Diagnosis of Down Syndrome
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2015). TalkTools Blog.
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2015Why Every SLP Needs to Understand Dysphagia
Jones, J. (2015). TalkTools Blog.
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2014What Evidence-Based, Oral Sensory-Motor Treatments are Effective for Speech Disorders?
Bahr, D., Merkel-Walsh, R. (2014). Ages and Stages Blog.
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2013Description of Oral Placement Therapy (OPT)
Rosenfeld-Johnson, Sara. (2013). TalkTools Blog.
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2011OPT as an Effective Tool in Aiding Non-verbal Children with Autism in their Utterance of Vowels and Consonants
Saturnino, S. (2011). (Special Education Thesis). St. Scholastica's College, Manila.
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2009Hard Facts to Swallow - Therapists Working with Feeding Disorders
Pilling, J. (2009).
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2002The Similarities and Differences of Oral-Motor Therapy and PROMPT
Merkel-Walsh, R. (2002). TalkTools Blog. (en Espanol version also available)
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n.d.Food Sensitivity in the Down Syndrome Population
Cramoy, C. Letter to a Parent.
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n.d.Improving Feeding Safety and Speech Clarity for clients with Moebius Syndrome
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. TalkTools Blog.
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n.d.Oral Habits: Why They Exist and How to Eliminate Them
Gray, J., Rosenfeld-Johnson, S.
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n.d.Sara Rosenfeld-Johnson's Approach to Oral-Motor Feeding and Speech Therapy
Rosenfeld-Johnson, S. TalkTools Blog. (en Espanol version also available)
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